Review: roles of mycorrhizal symbioses and associated soil microbiomes in ecological restoration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ecological roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are diverse, providing essential nutrients to host plants, tolerance to stress, and regulation of metabolic pathways, greatly involved in soil C dynamics, unlocking minerals and promoting reactive Fe minerals. Although spores dispersal modes are still not clearly understood, a strong positive relationship exists between intra-and extraradical mycelium at the ecosystem level. AMF are essential in ecosystem restoration by improving soil attributes, above and belowground biodiversity, seedlings survival, growth, and establishment on stressed soils, driving plant succession and preventing plant invasion. AMF inoculants from native and early seral instead of exotics and late seral, consortia instead of few or single species, are more efficient. Plant and AMF communities evolve together after revegetation, fine fescues are among the most resilient species, especially Festuca rubra , whose fungal strategies have been recently finely studied. Distinct AMF communities are associated with functionally different plants, which are related to differences in P and C transportomes and genetic variations within the AMF symbiont. Ligneous species react differently to forest soil inoculations according to their arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM) or ectomycorrhizal symbiosis (EM) status, and in dual-mycorrhizal plants, costs and benefits are context-dependent, with mycorrhizal switch occurring under various abiotic or biotic factors and resource availability. In mine restoration, root colonization is generally very low during the first year post-reclamation, then increases rapidly before stabilizing. Parallel to plant successions, increased soil parameters, and decreased contaminants, AMF diversity increased and changed, affiliated Glomus genera with small spores being completed by Acaulospora or Gigaspora larger spores under southern climates. A similar recovery period was observed for fungal communities in forest restoration, where ectomycorrhizal mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) species dominate, and diversity increased with time post-revegetation, influenced by edaphic variables and tree species. Under heavy metal (HM) contamination, microorganism classes, enzymes, and AMF efficiency vary with time, soil parameters, restoration treatments, plant species, and levels of soil contamination, with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria being often predominant. Dual applications of specific microbial and AMF species induced synergistic effects on plant growth and soil resilience. Under other contaminants, several AMF and microbial consortia proved to favorize plant growth and nutrient availability and decrease soil toxicity. New quality indicators to compare rehabilitation studies are proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".