Associations of transition cow metabolism with subsequent manifestation and intensity of estrous behavior in cyclic cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study investigated the associations between transition cow metabolism and estrous behavior in 226 cyclic Holstein cows. Body weight, feed intake, and milk yield were monitored to calculate energy balance. Blood samples were collected on days −21, −14, −10, −7, −3, 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 65 relative to calving. Following the second PGF 2α injection of a Presynch program, cows were monitored for estrous behavior over an 11-day period using activity sensors. Estrus duration, peak activity, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated from raw activity data. Cows not detected in estrus were grouped as no increase in activity (NIA; n = 90). Those detected in estrus were classified based on AUC as below (moderate increase in activity or MIA; n = 68) or above (large increase in activity or LIA; n = 68) the median. By design, AUC was 147 % greater, peak was 67 % higher, and duration was 74 % longer in LIA compared with MIA cows. Compared with NIA, cows that expressed estrus had higher body condition and lower serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA; 0.43 vs. 0.49 ± 0.02 mmol/L), ceruloplasmin (49.9 vs. 52.9 ± 1.0 mg/L), superoxide dismutase (2.06 vs. 2.28 ± 0.06 U/mL), and peak haptoglobin. Among cows that expressed estrus, metabolic differences during the transition were limited to higher NEFA in LIA than in MIA cows (0.46 vs. 0.40 ± 0.02 mmol/L). These findings indicate that transition metabolism may influence the subsequent manifestation of estrous behavior in cyclic cows. • Manifestation of estrus in cyclic cows was linked to previous transition metabolism. • Characteristics of estrous behavior were not associated with transition metabolism. • Improved transition management may enhance estrus detection in cyclic cows. • Peak activity and duration of estrus showed only a moderate positive correlation. • The proposed AUC was highly correlated with both peak activity and duration of estrus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".