Bibliographic record
Abstract
For <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="q element-of left-parenthesis 0 comma 1 right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">q \in (0, 1)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, the deformed exponential function <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="f left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis equals sigma-summation Underscript n greater-than-or-equal-to 0 Endscripts x Superscript n Baseline q Superscript n left-parenthesis n minus 1 right-parenthesis slash 2 Baseline slash n factorial"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:munder> <mml:mo>∑</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:munder> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>!</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(x) = \sum _{n \geq 0} x^n q^{n(n-1)/2}/n!</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is known to have infinitely many simple and negative zeros <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-brace x Subscript k Baseline left-parenthesis q right-parenthesis right-brace Subscript k greater-than-or-equal-to 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\{x_k(q)\}_{k \geq 1}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. In this paper, we analyze the series expansions of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="minus x Subscript k Baseline left-parenthesis q right-parenthesis slash k"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">-x_k(q)/k</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k slash x Subscript k Baseline left-parenthesis q right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k/x_k(q)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in powers of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="q"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">q</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. We prove that the coefficients of these expansions are rational functions of the form <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper P Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis slash upper Q Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_n(k)/Q_n(k)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="ModifyingAbove upper P With caret Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis slash upper Q Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\widehat {P}_n(k)/Q_n(k)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, where <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper Q Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis element-of double-struck upper Z left-bracket k right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">Q_n(k) \in {\mathbb Z}[k]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is explicitly defined and the polynomials <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper P Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis comma ModifyingAbove upper P With caret Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis element-of double-struck upper Z left-bracket k right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mo>^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_n(k), \widehat {P}_n(k)\in {\mathbb Z}[k]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> can be computed recursively. We provide explicit formulas for the leading coefficients of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper P Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_n(k)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </m
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".