The Influence of Ethanolic Extract of Hypericum Perforatum (St. John's wort) on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, Fat Deposition, Immunity, and Lipid Peroxidation in Broiler Chickens
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Having bioactive components such as hypericin, hyperforin and quercetin has enabled Hypericum perforatum (HP) to show antioxidant, antiviral and hypocholesterolemic effects in different animal species. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of Hypericum perforatum extract (HPE) additions on performance, immune response, serum metabolites, and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens. METHODS: A total of 250 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five treatments with five replicates and ten chicks each. Experimental rations consisted of a basal diet with no supplement (control group) and a basal diet with 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% HPE. RESULTS: Results showed that the addition 1.5% HPE in the broiler diet increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) compared to the control diet. While the total cholesterol (TC) was significantly reduced by HPE supplementation, only feeding 1% and 1.5% HPE significantly lowered the low-density lipoproteins (LDL). HPE addition to the diet significantly reduced abdominal and breast fat at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% levels. However, thigh fat was significantly decreased by dietary all HPE levels supplementation. Moreover, in the group fed with 1.5% HPE, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and thymus weight significantly increased compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, HPE-fed groups showed significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in breast muscle. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was improved significantly by HPE supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: In general, while there was no significant difference among treatments in the case of growth performance parameters, dietary supplementation of HPE at 1.5% was the most effective dose to improve serum biochemical metabolites, fat metabolism, immune response, and oxidative stability in broiler chicks.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it