Physical Activity is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in premenopausal women with a history of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), such as gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, affect 5-10% of pregnancies worldwide. A substantial and growing body of evidence reveals that HDP is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic stroke. This CVD risk is thought to be modifiable through health-promoting behaviours, such as engaging in regular physical activity, based on data in other hypertensive cohorts. However, evidence of preventative strategies for reducing CVD risk after HDP is lacking. Purpose To explore the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and CVD risk in pre-menopausal women with a history of HDP in at least one pregnancy. Methods Premenopausal women (19-49y) with prior pregnancies were surveyed on past and current physical activity, medical history, and pregnancy outcomes. Cardiovascular chronic conditions (CCS, heart disease, diabetes, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol) were assessed individually and coded as a binary variable (yes/no). Results 504 women were included in this analysis (36±7y); n=227 with HDP. Groups did not differ by BMI (p=0.79), physical activity status (p=0.22), or age at first pregnancy (p=0.49). A higher prevalence of CCS was reported in HDP compared to healthy pregnancies (37% vs. 16%, p<0.001). Women with HDP who reported meeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guidelines had a lower prevalence of CCS compared to those not meeting guidelines (40% vs. 60%, p=0.04) and lower high medical risk (13.7% vs. 31.1%, p=0.009) while in healthy pregnancies, physical activity was not associated with CCS prevalence (p=0.54), nor medical risk (p=0.63). Conclusions In this sample of pre-menopausal women, those with a history of HDP had a higher prevalence of CCS. Importantly, women with HDP who met physical activity guidelines had a significantly lower prevalence of CCS than those who did not meet guidelines. The association between physical activity and lower cardiovascular chronic conditions warrants further investigation into the potential benefits of physical activity for reducing the risk of CVD in women with HDP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".