Internalization of exogenous myelin by oligodendroglia promotes lineage progression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Oligodendrocytes, traditionally recognized for their role in central nervous system myelination, have emerged during the last decades as key participants maintaining brain homoeostasis in response to metabolic demands and stress. In addition, injury to myelin prompts a regenerative response that leads to the formation of new myelin sheaths. However, the signals regulating effective remyelination by oligodendrocytes are still not completely understood. Here, we report that oligodendrocytes can internalize exogenous myelin both in vitro and in vivo , which leads to an increase in their proliferation and differentiation when their functions are not compromised. RNA sequencing reveals that myelin debris alters oligodendrocyte transcriptional profile, suppressing immune-related pathways and de novo cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis, while inducing lipid droplet formation to store and process internalized myelin particles. As a result, progression of the oligodendroglial lineage is enhanced in primary cell cultures, as shown by increased viability, proliferation and differentiation. Oligodendrocytes also acquire a more differentiated phenotype, with larger cell areas, a more complex morphology and myelination of synthetic nanofibers. Stereotaxic injection of fluorescent myelin into mouse cortex shows internalization by microglia and, to a lesser extent, by oligodendroglia. Notably, in the zebrafish model, ventricular injections of myelin also increase the number of ventral oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord, further supporting that myelin can promote lineage progression. These findings challenge the classical view that myelin debris intrinsically inhibits oligodendrocyte proliferation, suggesting instead that oligodendrocytes can use myelin to support self-renewal and maturation, acting as a trophic factor in the absence of pathological cues. Abstract Figure
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".