Low Noise and Drift Reconfigurable Solution‐Processed Chalcogenide Phase Change Metasurfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Chalcogenide glasses are increasingly favoured as the programmable layer of choice in reconfigurable optoelectronic platforms, enabling diverse signal modulation, display, and memory device applications over the past decade. These applications capitalize on the amorphous‐to‐crystalline phase transition of these alloys, often produced using expensive ultrahigh‐vacuum physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods. Here, a cost‐effective, solution‐processed approach is presented to synthesizing chalcogenide phase change materials (PCMs). Our results show that optical‐grade antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) can be deposited onto various substrates at subwavelength thicknesses. Notably, these films demonstrate non‐volatile phase change modulation contrasts comparable to PVD methods, with significantly lower volatile thermo‐optic response, promising enhanced performance by reducing noise and drift. The first reconfigurable phase change chalcogenide metasurface formed from solution‐processed PCM films are also introduced, which can be patterned into polarization‐sensitive subwavelength nanograting metasurfaces without degradation, allowing for period‐dependent resonances and large modulation contrasts. The liquid nature of the deposition technique is perfectly suited for inclusion in display technologies and the integration of various emitters and active nanoparticles into PCM films, paving the way for new hybrid PCM composites, offering numerous solutions for emerging quantum and neuromorphic photonic platforms while lowering production costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".