Microfabricated electrochemical aptasensing chip modified with dual-function antifouling linker for single-drop label-free assay of oxytetracycline in milk
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The fabrication and characterization of a novel integrated electrochemical aptasensing device and its application to oxytetracycline ( OTC ) determination in milk is described. The microfabricated three-electrode chip is composed of gold working and counter electrodes and a silver reference electrode deposited on a Kapton film by physical vapor deposition. The working electrode is modified with α- lipoic acid-NHS, an antifouling linker, onto which an amine-modified OTC -specific aptamer is further attached. The label-free assay of OTC involves incubation of the sample with the linker/aptamer bioconjugate immobilized on the working electrode and monitoring of the OTC -aptamer binding event by means of the electrochemical response of the [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− /[Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− redox couple, The decrease of the signal magnitude, induced by blocking the diffusion of the probe, is related to the concentration of OTC . The limit of detection for OTC is 7 ng mL −1 and the inter-sensor reproducibility is 13.7%. The sensor is applied to milk samples with recoveries between 107 and 110%. This aptasensing chip demonstrates strong potential for rapid on-site detection of OTC in the food industry due to its high degree of integration, easy functionalization, and potential for single-drop operation. Graphical abstract
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it