Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Separation from Air-CO<sub>2</sub> Mixture by Narrow Nozzle Vortex Tube under Low Pressures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents carbon dioxide separation from an air-CO2 mixture utilizing a vortex tube energy device at 4 and 5-barg pressures.Since the vortex tube reduces the temperature of the gas mixture at the cold gas exit, the vertically standing vortex tube with a bottom-side cold gas exit exhausts the CO2-rich gas mixture.As the inlet pressure is increased from 4 barg to 5 barg, the nozzle exit temperature of the CO2-air mixture is lowered at the cold gas exit temperature and raised at the hot gas exit temperature.The colder gas increases the separation percentage of CO2 from the air-CO2 mixture.Results show that the percent CO2 separation at 20% cold mass fraction is increased from 15.5% to 17.5% with a pressure increase of 4 to 5 barg.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".