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Record W4412706633 · doi:10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.100973

N,S-doped carbon based on phenol formaldehyde resin precursors as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries

2025· article· en· W4412706633 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueNext Materials · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvancements in Battery Materials
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNational Research Council Canada
KeywordsAnodePhenolFormaldehydeSodiumDopingCarbon fibersIonPhenol formaldehyde resinMaterials scienceChemistryInorganic chemistryOrganic chemistryElectrodeComposite materialOptoelectronicsComposite numberPhysical chemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This work focuses on investigating carbon materials as anodes for sodium-ion batteries, specifically utilizing a non-graphitizable carbon material based on the phenol-formaldehyde resin with varying concentrations of aniline and thiophene as heteroatoms. Four series of experiments were conducted to synthesize anode materials based on a simple phenol-formaldehyde resin precursor. Four different phenol-formaldehyde resin to aniline weight ratios were applied, namely 0:1, 1:1, 9:1, and 3:1. In the case of thiophene there were three samples and the molar ratios of reagents were as follows: 1:1, 9:1, 99:1. This study aims to provide insights into the electrochemical behavior of these novel anode materials, shedding light on the impact of aniline incorporation into phenol-formaldehyde resins for sodium-ion battery applications.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.009
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.264
Teacher spread0.249 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it