Response of fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana) to selected aquatic herbicides in New Zealand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray, also known as cabomba) is an obligate submersed macrophyte native to the southern United States and Central and South America that has naturalized in the eastern United States, Canada, and various countries in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. It has been cultivated in New Zealand as an aquarium plant for at least 30 yr, but until recently (2009) had not naturalized. Fanwort is now declared an Unwanted Organism in New Zealand and as part of incursion response planning, effective management responses are required to achieve eradication. In this study we conducted herbicide trials on fanwort in containment using the herbicides carfentrazone, endothall, flumioxazin, and triclopyr. All four herbicides reduced fanwort biomass; however, with all herbicides viable plant material remained, indicating the potential for rapid regrowth after treatment, and a high degree of uncertainty of outcome where the herbicides are to be used for the management of field populations. None of the herbicides are recommended for use in eradication programs on fanwort without a clear understanding that multiple applications will likely be required, and there is a degree of uncertainty regarding the level of efficacy that can be achieved.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".