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Record W4412725992 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0329020

Teaching postsecondary students about the ethics of artificial intelligence: A scoping review protocol

2025· review· en· W4412725992 on OpenAlexafffund
Calvin Hillis, Maushumi Bhattacharjee, Batool AlMousawi, Tarik Eltanahy, Sara Ono, Marcus Hui, Ba’ Pham, Michelle Swab, Gordon V. Cormack, Maura R. Grossman, Ebrahim Bagheri, Zack Marshall

Bibliographic record

VenuePLoS ONE · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicEthics and Social Impacts of AI
Canadian institutionsUniversity of WaterlooMemorial University of NewfoundlandToronto Public HealthPublic Health OntarioToronto Metropolitan UniversityUniversity of TorontoQueen's UniversityUniversity of CalgaryMcGill University
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsPsycINFOCurriculumScopusResearch ethicsChecklistHigher educationMedical educationPsychologyMEDLINEEngineering ethicsComputer scienceMedicinePedagogyPolitical scienceEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The field of AI carries inherent risks such as algorithmic biases, security vulnerabilities, and ethical concerns related to privacy and data protection. Despite these risks, AI holds significant promise for social good, with applications ranging from improved healthcare diagnostics to enhanced education strategies. Teaching AI ethics in postsecondary settings has emerged as one of the strategies to mitigate AI-related harms. The objectives of this review are to (1) synthesize existing research related to teaching postsecondary students about the principles and practice of ethics and AI, and (2) identify how educators are evaluating changes in student knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. This scoping review will follow the first five steps articulated by Arksey and O'Malley. A structured search strategy developed by an academic librarian incorporates three primary concept groups related to education, AI, and ethics. Database search strategies emphasize sensitivity rather than precision, given that a supervised machine learning tool will be used to assist in the identification of relevant abstracts. Searches will be conducted in the following academic databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ERIC, LISTA, IEEE Xplore, APA PsycInfo, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Results will include an up-to-date synthesis of the current state of AI ethics education in postsecondary curricula, evaluated teaching strategies, and potential outcomes associated with AI ethics education. Search results will be reported according to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Data charting will focus on AI ethics pedagogy. This review will inform future research, policy development, and teaching practices, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers working towards responsible AI integration. Findings will contribute to enhanced understandings of the complexities of AI ethics education and have the potential to shape the ways trainees in multiple disciplines learn about the ethical dimensions of AI in practice.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.127
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.117
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Protocol · Consensus signal: Protocol
Teacher disagreement score0.127
Threshold uncertainty score0.673

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.1270.117
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0040.006
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0120.010
Bibliometrics0.0220.016
Science and technology studies0.0050.006
Scholarly communication0.0080.009
Open science0.0060.007
Research integrity0.0090.007
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0650.016

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.356
GPT teacher head0.559
Teacher spread0.203 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreProtocol

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations2
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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