DODAB-ODN lipoplex structure is highly dependent on ODN concentration: A multitechnique experimental study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explores the structural properties of lipid vesicles composed of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) and varying concentrations of the oligonucleotide 5′-AAAAAAAAAA-3’ (ODN). The vesicles, in both gel and fluid phases, were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Zeta potential, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and fluorescence with the fluorescent probe Laurdan embedded into DODAB vesicles. The DODAB-ODN interaction induces concentration-dependent structural changes on the lipoplex. At relatively low ODN concentrations ([ODN]/[DODAB] < 0.050), the dispersion remains stable, with positively charged vesicles, though with an increase in vesicle size and sample turbidity, and SAXS indicates coalescence of vesicles with multilamellar structure formation. DSC revealed the coexistence of ODN-free and ODN-rich regions, with the latter showing increased thermal stability. Laurdan fluorescence indicates that the probe does not significantly partition into the lipoplex ODN-rich regions. At intermediate concentrations (0.050 < [ODN]/[DODAB] < 0.075), colloidal stability is lost, and pure DODAB domains are no longer detected. At relatively high ODN concentrations (0.075 ≤ [ODN]/[DODAB] ≤ 0.200), the dispersion is stable, showing a negative vesicle surface potential, and the presence of small multilamellar vesicles. Laurdan lifetimes are significantly increased, suggesting that ODN induces lipid packing or dehydration at the surface of the vesicles in both the gel and fluid phases. These findings enhance our understanding of the structure of lipid-ODN aggregates, paving the way for their application in gene therapy. • SAXS indicates ODN induces coalescence of DODAB LUVs and formation of vesicles. • Dispersions are stable in the interval of relative concentrations 0.075<[ODN]/[DODAB]< 0.050 • DSC shows coexistence of ODN rich and poor domains in DODAB vesicles for ([ODN]/[DODAB] < 0.050 • Laurdan fluorescence shows high ODN amounts rigidify and/or dehydrate DODAB membrane surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".