IMAGE Satellite and Ground‐Based Magnetometer Observations of Large Geomagnetic Disturbances and Rapid Variations in Ionospheric and Vertical Currents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Ultraviolet images of Earth's polar regions obtained by high altitude spacecraft have proved to be immensely useful for documenting numerous features of the aurora and understanding the coupling between Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere. In this study we have examined images obtained by the far ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager camera on the IMAGE satellite during the first three years of its mission (2000–2002) for comparison with observations of large geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) by ground‐based magnetometers in eastern Arctic Canada. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the use of high‐altitude imager data to identify the global context of GMDs. We found that rapid auroral motions or localized intensifications visible in these images coincide with regions of large dB / dt as well as localized and closely spaced up/down vertical currents and increased equivalent ionospheric currents, but one of the two events presented did not appear to be related to substorm processes. These magnetic perturbations and currents can appear or disappear in a few tens of seconds, thus highlighting the importance of images with a high cadence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".