Impact of Post-Procedural Atrial Arrhythmia on Long-Term Cardiac Function and Quality of Life Following Patent Foramen Ovale Closure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common remnant of the embryonic development of the heart with an underestimated potential for morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of atrial arrhythmia (AA), a common complication after PFO closure, on cardiac function and quality of life (QoL) through a retrospective clinical analysis. Methods: Patients who underwent percutaneous PFO closure between January 2022 and June 2024 were retrospectively identified. All patients underwent 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring prior to the procedure to screen for baseline atrial fibrillation (AF). Cardiac function and QoL were assessed after intervention and at long-term follow-up using echocardiographic parameters and questionnaires (SF-36), respectively. Results: A total of 215 patients were included in this study. Sinus rhythm was present in all patients at baseline, and 26% developed AA during follow-up after PFO closure. The average follow-up period was 24 ± 7.8 months. Among the 56 patients with post-procedural AA, echocardiographic analysis showed that mitral E/A significantly increased at long-term follow-up compared to the immediate post-interventional period (1.20 ± 0.24 vs. 1.29 ± 0.18, P < 0.05). No statistically significant changes were observed in echocardiographic variables other than mitral E/A. In terms of QoL, only the score for social function improved significantly at long-term follow-up (65.21 ± 6.16 vs. 67.98 ± 7.59, P < 0.05), while no significant differences were found in the other subdomains. Conclusions: AA, the common complication of PFO closure, has no impact on the long-term cardiac function and QoL of patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".