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Record W4412736304 · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2025.07.041

A disaggregated integer L-shaped method for the bike sharing rebalancing problem with stochastic demands

2025· article· en· W4412736304 on OpenAlexafffund
Jean‐François Côté, Michel Gendreau

Bibliographic record

VenueEuropean Journal of Operational Research · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicUrban Transport and Accessibility
Canadian institutionsUniversité LavalPolytechnique Montréal
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaAlliance de recherche numérique du Canada
KeywordsInteger (computer science)Integer programmingMathematical optimizationComputer scienceBike sharingOperations researchMathematicsEngineeringTransport engineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This work deals with the bike sharing rebalancing problem with stochastic demands by proposing new formulations, an exact solution method, new valid inequalities, and new lower bounds. The problem is NP-hard, and it arises in the context of bicycle-sharing systems that need to ensure quality of service. The latter is understood as the availability of bicycles and docks to park them in a network of stations. In this problem, each station presents a random request for the pickup or delivery of bicycles, which is disclosed immediately before the departure of the repositioning vehicles from the depot. The problem is framed as a variant of the stochastic vehicle routing problem, and we propose an implementation of the disaggregated integer L-shaped method to address it. To speed up the resolution, we create customized lower-bounding functionals based on a complexity result we developed for the recourse problem. The results of computational experiments show that our implementation is superior to those in the literature, which leads us to generate and propose a new, challenging benchmark set of instances. • We propose a new method for a bike sharing rebalancing problem. • The demand of bicycle at stations is considered stochastic. • We propose a new dynamic programming formulation to compute the recourse. • New valid inequalities and lower bounds are introduced. • Results show that our new approach is superior when compared with the literature.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.015
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.904
Threshold uncertainty score0.956

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0150.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.086
GPT teacher head0.432
Teacher spread0.346 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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