Electromagnetic and Centrifugal Effects on Plasma Acceleration in the Magnetic Nozzle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Plasma flow and acceleration in the converging-diverging magnetic field configuration, such as magnetic nozzle in electric propulsion and open magnetic mirrors for fusion applications are considered. This work analyses plasma acceleration in the magnetic nozzle with an emphasis on the electromagnetic effects and centrifugal forces due to plasma rotation. Intrinsic coupling of the azimuthal rotation and azimuthal magnetic field is analyzed, and additional plasma acceleration due to the conversion of the energy of the azimuthal magnetic field and azimuthal rotation is demonstrated. For large expansion in the diverging magnetic field plasma flow velocities may approach and exceed the Alfvén velocity. In these regimes, stationary solutions for the transonic and trans-Alfvénic flows have been obtained that demonstrate the existence of the unique regular solution passing through all critical points within the MHD theory, i.e., the points where the plasma flow is equal to the signal velocities of the MHD modes: slow and fast magnetohydrodynamic waves and Alfvén wave. The time-dependent initial value simulations show that stationary equilibrium flows are robust and stable, so that time-dependent solutions converge toward stationary solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".