Study of the uniaxial behavior of isotropic ice in relation to time‐dependent and time‐independent strains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Existing studies that assess ice strain behavior do not consider the presence of a permanent inelastic strain that is independent of time, such as is observed in other materials. To investigate permanent inelastic strain and to determine the other strain components for ice, we performed creep tests on polycrystalline isotropic ice under a constant uniaxial compression load at several loading and unloading times and temperatures of ‐5 °C, ‐10 °C, and ‐15 °C. Plastic strain decreases as temperature decreases. However, relative to other strain components, the contribution of plastic strain to total strain is important at all temperatures, particularly when the ice is close to its melting point. The contribution of primary creep strain is greater at the beginning of the loading process, and secondary creep eventually dominates as loading continues. The contribution of primary creep to permanent strain increases markedly as temperature decreases, whereas the contribution of secondary creep increases with temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".