Ultrasound findings in patients with knee osteoarthritis: Relationships with clinical characteristics, radiographic findings and generalized osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between ultrasound (US) findings and radiographic Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grades, symptom severity, and the presence of generalized osteoarthritis (GOA) in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to identify key US parameters associated with OA severity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 166 patients (332 knees) with radiographically confirmed knee OA. US assessments included medial and lateral meniscus extrusion (MME, LME), suprapatellar effusion, synovitis, femoral cartilage thickness (FCT), femoral cartilage lesions, Baker's cyst, pes anserine bursitis, patellar tendinopathy, and Hoffa's fat pad pathology. K/L grades were determined by radiography. Pain and function were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). GOA was defined as OA in five or more joints or the presence of Heberden's nodes with additional joint involvement. Results: MME showed a strong correlation with K/L grade (r = 0.954, p < 0.001), with 91.57 % exact agreement. LME showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.693, p < 0.001). GOA was identified in 12.65 % of patients and was independently associated with lower BMI, reduced FCT (<2 mm), and the presence of femoral cartilage lesions. Moderate correlations were observed between K/L grade and pain, WOMAC scores, and symptom duration Conclusion: MME and FCT measured by US are strong indicators of OA severity and may help identify patients at risk for GOA. US appears to be a practical, radiation-free tool for assessing and monitoring OA progression. Further validation in larger cohorts is recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".