Experimental investigation and analytical solution for the coupled seismic response of 3D base-isolated structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study systematically investigates the coupled horizontal-rocking seismic behavior of three-dimensional base-isolated structures (3D-BISs). First, a simplified analytical model accounting for superstructure flexibility is developed for the 3D-BIS. This model is used to conduct modal analysis, which reveals the influence of various design parameters on the coupling mechanism between horizontal and rocking motions. Subsequently, a novel multi-dimensional earthquake isolation and mitigation device (denoted MEIMD) is proposed to enhance seismic isolation efficiency and mitigate rocking effect of the 3D-BIS. Numerical simulations are conducted to explore the nonlinear rocking stiffness of the MEIMD. To evaluate the dynamic response characteristics of the 3D-BIS under rocking effect, full-scale horizontal shaking table tests are performed on a steel frame model (aspect ratio >3). The results indicate that the coupled motion mode leads to a gradual increase of horizontal peak floor acceleration from the second floor toward both the top and bottom of the 3D-BIS. The rocking effect induces a rigid-body rotation of the superstructure, which amplifies the horizontal displacement of the 3D-BIS while not increasing structural internal forces. Neglecting the superstructure flexibility may underestimate the rocking effect and the response contribution from high-order vibration modes, particularly for 3D-BISs with large aspect ratios. Finally, comprehensive comparisons between the analytical solutions and test results validate that the proposed model can reliably predict the coupled seismic response of the 3D-BIS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".