The genetic basis of natural variation in sociability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sociability, defined as individuals' tendencies to affiliate with conspecifics, is widespread among animals, including species not traditionally categorized as social. A few studies have documented a positive association between sociability and fitness, and sociability has positive effects on health, well-being, and longevity in humans. Despite the importance of sociability, we still have limited information about its genetic basis. To address this knowledge gap, we compared gene expression in the heads of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) from lineages artificially selected for, and divergent in, degree of sociability. We identified 174 genes that showed differential expression among low and high-sociability lineages, of which 33 genes have known effects on neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, or behavior. Experiments using knockdowns of 16 of the top candidate sociability genes revealed 6 of them significantly affecting sociability in the predicted direction. Relying on our large genomic database, we and others can further elucidate the genetic architecture and evolutionary biology of sociability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".