Evaluation of a Sustainable Concrete Design with Fly Ash Type C and Expanded Clay to Improve Workability and Ensure Efficient Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The construction industry is key to economic development, with cement as an essential material, despite its high environmental impact due to CO 2 emissions.Despite the relevance of concrete, it faces challenges such as the loss of workability that leads to inadequate practices affecting its strength and durability.This research proposes a modified concrete mix design with 20%, 40% and 50% of fly ash type C as a replacement of Portland cement and 5% of expanded clay as a substitute for coarse aggregate to improve the workability of fresh concrete and guarantee the rest of its properties for its reliable use in construction.The characterization of materials, the design and preparation of concrete mixes and the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of concrete are contemplated.The results showed that with replacements of up to 20% fly ash and 5% expanded clay, the slump of fresh concrete can be increased by 50% compared to a conventional mix.Also, with this replacement rate, the concrete achieved a 28-day compressive strength at only 4.02% of its design value.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".