Simple Integration of Recycled Cement Sack Fibres into Pervious Concrete for Engineering Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study proposes a straightforward methodology for incorporating cellulose fibres (CF) from recycled cement sacks into pervious concrete.The process involves converting the sacks into pulp and preparing the material to achieve the minimum saturation conditions required for integration into the concrete mix.As part of the research, CF was evaluated in the cementitious matrix at three dosages (3.86, 5.79, and 7.73 kg/m³) to assess their effects on rheological behaviour.It was validated in the production and testing of pervious concrete.A simple and accessible mechanical procedure was developed to produce the CF, requiring a minimum pre-saturation period of 12 hours to ensure adequate mix flowability and sufficient paste thickness within the matrix.Saturated CF inclusion improved permeability by up to 33% without compromising mechanical performance, acting as internal curing agents, enhancing long-term compressive strength at selected dosages.CF enhanced matrix-aggregate bonding, improved post-crack integrity, reduced brittleness, and promoted a more ductile failure mode.This approach supports sustainable construction practices by valorising cement packaging waste and offers a practical solution that could be adapted for industrial application, depending on local technological and economic conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".