Local histories, national ambitions, and the shadow of the Cold War: articulating opposition in Angola and Mozambique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Angola and Mozambique, the long-time ruling parties Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and Mozambique Liberation Front (Frelimo) have survived the transition from Leninist-inspired one-party states to become multiparty democracies. The opposition role has been filled by National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the Mozambican National Resistance Movement (Renamo), respectively, successors to regionally based insurgent movements positioned as anti-communist during the Cold War. This article considers how the opposition parties articulate appeals to distinct constituencies. In their provincial heartlands they claim a history of nationalist anticolonial struggle and of defending an inclusive vision of nationhood against a centralising state. In the capital cities they address a cross-class constituency including the poor, middle class and intellectual elite. To all, the message is one of opposition to authoritarianism, which they present as the legacy of socialist rule. What allows the articulation of regional with national and liberal with populist claims is the parties’ roots in liberation struggles and their later alignment in Cold War-era civil conflicts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".