Transnational Fort Totten: Negotiating Relationships between Indigenous Nations, the Grey Nuns, and the U.S. Government
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: This article examines the complex relationships between the Sisters of Charity of Montreal (“Grey Nuns”), the Dakota nation, and Indian agents at Fort Totten in North Dakota, applying a transnational perspective that recognizes Indigenous sovereignty while acknowledging the European origins of the Catholic religious orders that operated schools for Native Americans. While many stories of Catholic education have been framed through a narrative of an “immigrant church,” I consider the same debate over the relationship between church and state in schools while using empire as a tool of analysis. Ultimately, the sisters’ and the Dakota’s respective (and sometimes aligned) interests and actions illustrate the limits of the U.S. state’s control over both groups by considering how the Grey Nuns and the Dakota negotiated and used their relationships with the federal government.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it