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Record W4412806324 · doi:10.5750/jgbe.v17i1.2193

Cashless Gambling: Potential Money Laundering and Responsible  Gambling  Initiatives

2025· article· en· W4412806324 on OpenAlexaff
Alex Blaszczynski, Howard J. Shaffer, Robert Ladouceur

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Journal of Gambling Business and Economics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCrime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
Canadian institutionsUniversité Laval
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMoney launderingBusinessAdvertisingCommerceEconomicsFinance

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Recent Australian government inquiries into casino, club, and hotel activities identified significant money laundering, and/or junket and links to organised crimes, and governance failings. The findings of two Royal Commissions determined that casinos in Sydney and Melbourne were not suitable entities to hold a gaming licence. Regulators gave these casinos two years to address concerns raised during these inquiries. One recommendation, supported by media reports and public health advocates, suggested the implementation of cashless gambling, that is, the use of non-cash forms of gambling (e.g., digital wallets, QR codes, or gambling debit cards). Others have expressed concerns about counterproductive or unintended consequences of tokenization of money and difficulties in monitoring expenditure. Although potentially useful as an anti-money laundering initiative, the effective use of cashless gambling as a harm minimisation/responsible gambling initiative requires careful consideration of its architecture, that is, the structure, processes and oversight of its implementation and operation. In this paper, we describe the complexities of cashless gambling and highlight relevant issues that need to be addressed. The findings of the various inquiries also raise serious questions regarding the proportion of funds commonly ascribed to individuals with gambling disorders. We conclude that key stakeholders (e.g., government, industry, financial and academic) need to collaborate to develop an optimal cashless gambling structure that achieves its intended objectives for responsible gambling over and above anti-money laundering.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.281
Threshold uncertainty score0.617

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.063
GPT teacher head0.323
Teacher spread0.260 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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