The octocoral Ceratocaulon wandeli Jungersen, 1892 in Davis Strait, Eastern Canadian Arctic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The octocoral Ceratocaulon wandeli Jungersen, 1892 is a distinctive soft coral, originally known only from the region between the Faroe Islands and Denmark Strait. Despite its morphological uniqueness, the taxonomic placement of the species remained uncertain for decades, and it was assessed as incertae sedis. In 2024, thanks to morphological and molecular data not previously available, the species was assigned to the newly described monotypic family Ceratocaulidae López-González, San Martín-Payá & Williams, 2024. Here, we provide evidence to show that C. wandeli is also distributed in Davis Strait (Eastern Canadian Arctic, Northwest Atlantic) and therefore not just restricted to the previously described region, with reports dating back to the late 1800s. We provide a description, specimen and sclerites SEM images, and DNA sequences to confirm species identification. The presence of C. wandeli in Canada indicates that the species has a higher thermal tolerance than previously known and is likely found in other areas in Davis Strait and potentially West Greenland.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".