A Flexible, Lightweight, and High-Performance Supercapacitor Made of Nanofibrous Polypyrrole Electrodes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide High-performance and lightweight supercapacitors are in high demand in personal electronics and electric vehicles. In this work, the pseudocapacitance of a metal-free symmetric supercapacitor made of polypyrrole (PPy) membrane electrodes and a gel electrolyte containing 3% poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) dissolved in 1 M sulfuric acid (PVA-H 2 SO 4 ) was investigated. It was observed that the soft PPy membrane synthesized through docusate sodium and methyl orange-assisted interfacial polymerization (PPy-AOT) had a unique nanofibrous structure throughout the thickness of 1 mm. The PPy-AOT/PVA-H 2 SO 4 electrode is flexible, lightweight, free-standing, and free of metal, showing a lower environmental impact with respect to that of the high-performance supercapacitors using metals. A hypothetic mechanism was proposed to explain how such a nanofibrous structure is formed. The weight-based performance of the device was compared with different categories of supercapacitors and batteries, with its advantages and disadvantages discussed. The supercapacitor and electrode material were analyzed with various analytical techniques. Without using metals and carbon materials, the polymeric supercapacitor recorded a high areal capacitance of 4817.9 mF/cm 2 and gravimetric capacitance of 430.0 F/g, with energy densities of 0.4 mWh/cm 2 and 14.6 Wh/kg and power densities of 0.6 mW/cm 2 and 174.6 W/kg. Such polymeric supercapacitors may find applications in cost- and environmentally sensitive areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".