Nutritional Supplementation Benefits in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> under Developmental Disruption and Stress Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental and neurological condition that impacts an individual’s behavior, communication, social interaction, and learning abilities. This disease is complex and involves different mechanisms, and therefore, modeling is a major challenge. Some features can be reproduced in different animal models to investigate therapeutic approaches. Here, we proposed a new simple model to induce development delay by using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and dithiothreitol (DTT) as a chemical agent. In order to investigate a complementary treatment, a commercial supplement and its isolated components (vit. B12, B1, B6, and B9), curcumin, and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) were used to revert the oxidative stress, development impairments, and metabolomic changes caused by DTT. Furthermore, computational tools predicted pharmacokinetic properties (SwissADME) and possible pathways (enrichment analysis) linked to ASD, an important neurodevelopmental disorder. The supplement and its components (curcumin, PEA, vit. B12, B6, and B9) partially alleviated the delay in larval progression and completely recovered the GABAergic neurodevelopmental impairments (supplement, curcumin, vit. B6, B9, and B12) caused by DDT. Vitamin B9, B12, and supplement partially protected mortality against the oxidative stressor Paraquat. Curcumin, vit. B1, B6, and supplement showed potential protection against coexposure to DTT by reducing DAF-16 migration to the nucleus compared to DTT. Vitamins B1, B9, and B12 coexposure to DTT positively modulated SOD-3 expression. Amino acids, carnitines, and lipids revealed by LC–MS analysis enabled group differentiation and pathway analysis, indicating potential signaling molecules. In silico analysis predicted that these components may interact with pathways linked to ASD pathogenesis such as immunomodulation, synaptic pruning, and complex behavior regulation. Our data indicate that DTT is a good chemical model to induce developmental disorders and that the supplement, with all its components associated, is a promising therapy to be investigated in ASD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".