Macroscopic Graphene Oxide Hollow Spheres
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inspired by soap bubbles, millimeter-sized graphene oxide (GO)-stabilized bubbles are produced by blowing air into an aqueous suspension containing GO and surfactants. The bubbles are air-dried to form self-supporting hollow spheres with an exceptional diameter-to-wall thickness ratio of 65,000, corresponding to the ratio between the macroscopic diameter and microscopic wall thickness, and an ultralow density of 0.16 mg/cm 3 . During drying, the GO suspension self-assembles into lamellar, nanometer-thin GO walls, which prevent bubbles from bursting due to gravity drainage. In the hydrated state, bubbles can be pierced and loaded with particles that remain encapsulated in the hollow spheres upon drying. After thermal treatment, the resulting reduced GO (rGO) hollow spheres can be coated with a multilayer poly(ethylenimine)/GO shell that inhibits gas transport. Macroscopic GO and rGO hollow spheres are appealing for many potential applications and exemplify the unique self-assembly properties of 2D materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".