Parasitoids Attacking the Browntail Moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), during a Regional Outbreak in Maine, and Factors Influencing Their Abundance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Browntail Moth) was inadvertently introduced into Massachusetts in 1897. It damaged deciduous forests, and its toxic hairs caused health issues in New England and southern Maritime Canada before populations declined in the 1920s and 1930s. In 2015, an outbreak spread from midcoast Maine northeast along the coast and inland, again causing human- and tree-health issues. This study reports 11 species of parasitoids found attacking Browntail Moth during the ongoing outbreak between 2016 and 2018, including the specialist primary parasitoid Townsendiellomyia nidicola and the generalist Monodontomerus aereus, which can also act as a hyperparasitoid. Total parasitism by all species, as well as by individual predominant species and taxa increased with distance to Maine's marine coast.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".