Unpacking the Complexities of Financial Well-being Among Entrepreneurs and Employees: It’s More Than the Money!
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates how employment type (entrepreneurship vs paid employment) and individual characteristics (demographics and career motivations) jointly influence financial well-being (FWB) in Trinidad and Tobago. It moves beyond traditional income-based indicators, adopting a subjective, contextualised approach to assess FWB for individuals in the abovementioned setting. A survey was administered to a sample comprising full-time entrepreneurs, full-time paid employees and hybrid entrepreneurs ( n = 364). Full-time entrepreneurs reported significantly higher levels of FWB than paid employees. However, hybrid entrepreneurs—who simultaneously engaged in entrepreneurship and paid employment—did not report significantly higher FWB than wage earners. This suggests that the intensity of entrepreneurial engagement plays a crucial role in shaping an individual’s FWB. Employment type interacted with other demographic variables to shape FWB, reiterating the complexity and multidimensionality of FWB. Intrinsic motivations for choosing one’s career path (passion and self-efficacy) were stronger determinants of FWB than extrinsic factors (financial motivations). The study introduces nuanced perspectives on subjective well-being theory and the theory of planned behaviour, which, to date, remain underexplored in mainstream entrepreneurship and FWB literature. Additionally, its findings underscore the importance of critically assessing individual motivations prior to entrepreneurial entry, thus offering valuable practical implications for aspiring entrepreneurs and policymakers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it