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Record W4412847278 · doi:10.1142/s2737436x25400060

Work as Worship: An Investigation into Some of its Economic and Wellbeing Effects

2025· article· en· W4412847278 on OpenAlexaff
Mukesh Eswaran

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Economics Management and Religion · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicReligion, Society, and Development
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British Columbia
Fundersnot available
KeywordsWorshipWork (physics)SociologyPsychologyPositive economicsEconomicsPhilosophyTheologyEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This paper examines the doctrine of Karma Yoga of Hinduism, which incorporates work into the spiritual life and converts even secular work into an act of worship. It seeks to replace the desire for material rewards with the aspiration of offering up the work to Deity, thereby converting work into worship. It is shown here that, as an unintended consequence, this would have a positive effect on a worker’s economic productivity because the practice of work-as-worship relaxes their time constraint. When karma yoga is practiced in teamwork, this productivity increase can not only attenuate diminishing returns to labour but also counter the effects of free-riding in teams. Furthermore, if executed in the spirit laid down by the doctrine, karma yoga would induce altruism towards others, and this is shown to have an additional positive effect on the productivity of organisations. The paper also discusses the salutary health and well-being consequences that can be expected of work done as worship. Finally, this paper ends with a brief discussion on the relevance of the theory on work as worship to two other religions: Christianity and Islam.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.147
Threshold uncertainty score0.357

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.256
Teacher spread0.246 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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