A multilocus phylogeny of <i>Hericium</i> ( <i>Hericiaceae, Russulales</i> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clear distinction of the species of Hericium will aid in natural products discovery, medicinal applications, and breeding for commercial cultivation of these edible and medicinally valuable mushrooms. A phylogeny of Hericium species from North America, together with key taxa from Europe, was accomplished using sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and adjacent large ribosomal subunit (LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( TEF-1α ), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit ( RPB2 ) gene sequences. Compared to previous unresolved phylogenies based solely on ITS data, the species of Hericium were resolved as monophyletic groups, including the type species H. coralloides (synonyms and H. ramosum ; Europe and North America), H. alpestre (Europe to central Asia), H. americanum (eastern North America), H. abietis (western North America), H. cirrhatum (Europe and boreal-montane North America), H. erinaceus (Europe), two recently described species of the H. erinaceus species complex, H. asiaticum (Eastern Asia) and H. carolinense (eastern United States), and a third new species in this complex from western North America, H. oregonense described herein. All taxa, including the newly described species within the H. erinaceus complex, were strongly supported in maximum likelihood analyses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".