Evaluation of TiO₂-enhanced mortars for the protection of surfaces exposed to UV radiation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study evaluates titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>)-enhanced mortars designed to protect surfaces exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The integration of TiO<sub>2</sub> into cementitious matrices aims to improve photocatalytic behavior and hydrophilicity, contributing to self-cleaning properties. A comparative analysis was conducted between modified and conventional mortars, all subjected to controlled UV exposure. Structural and compositional changes were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), while hydrophilicity was assessed via contact angle and droplet diameter measurements using distilled water. The results confirmed a progressive increase in rutile content and surface wettability in samples with higher TiO<sub>2</sub> dosage, demonstrating that UV-exposed TiO<sub>2</sub> mortars exhibit improved selfcleaning potential and structural stability. This approach offers promising applications in sustainable construction, especially in regions with high solar radiation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".