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Record W4412850169 · doi:10.1080/14927713.2025.2539701

Esports ecosystem in the United States

2025· article· en· W4412850169 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Gigi Lam

Bibliographic record

VenueLeisure/Loisir · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicDigital Games and Media
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersResearch Grants Council, University Grants Committee
KeywordsEcosystemEnvironmental scienceNatural resource economicsEnvironmental resource managementEcologyEconomicsBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The United States is the largest esports market in the world. The present study examined the U.S. esports industry by applying the systems thinking literacy model. The esports ecosystem was examined by clarifying the linkage among six macro systems (i.e. information and communications technology, education, nongovernmental organizations, government engagement, social acceptance, and industry configuration). Although the United States generally excels in information technology, a considerable gap in Internet access exists, which in turn affects the training and performance of esports teams. Game publishers have been proactive and successful in persuading the U.S. government to officially recognize esports and grant visas to foreign esports players. The proactive approach is evident through initiatives such as franchise models and import rules, which have directly increased the salary of esports players and enhanced local talent development. The government engages in dialogue with nongovernmental organizations and actively promotes K-12 education, scholastic esports and collegiate esports.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.928
Threshold uncertainty score0.826

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.290
Teacher spread0.274 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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