Activity of CaMKII-expressing neurons in medial prefrontal cortex of male and female Long-Evans rats is necessary for encoding odor information and novelty recognition in an odor-based incidental memory test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Incidental memories encoded through spontaneous interaction with stimuli in an environment contribute to higher cognitive functions. The spontaneous Identical (IST) and the Different Stimuli Tests (DST), with objects and odors, allow for incidental memory testing using variable memory loads in rats. Here, fiber photometry and chemogenetics were used to examine the necessity of CaMKII-expressing neurons in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) for novelty discrimination in the IST and DST with odors. Male and female Long Evans rats completed 6-odor IST and DST. No differences in total exploration times or stimuli visits were observed in either test or sex. During the sample phase of the DST, a heightened response and a sustained increase in mPFC neuronal activity occurred during the first stimulus interaction. A sustained increase in mPFC neuronal activity during interaction with the novel stimulus was also observed in the test phase of the DST, but not the IST. Activation of inhibitory DREADDs expressed in mPFC CaMKII-expressing neurons impaired novelty preference in the DST, but not IST, and significantly decreased c-Fos + cells in the mPFC. Taken together, we show increased activity in mPFC CaMKII-expressing neurons facilitates novelty recognition under higher memory loads in the DST.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".