Selective Carbonyl Reduction in Unsaturated Esters and Aldehydes by Transfer Hydrogenation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (TH) is an alternative to the industrially relevant hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds, dismissing the use of pressurized reactors. Herein, we compare ruthenium and osmium pincer complexes as catalysts for the selective carbonyl reduction of the renewable methyl 10-undecenoate, myrtenal, and cinnamaldehyde. Their selective carbonyl reduction is challenging because they also have a C-C double bond susceptible to reduction or isomerization. The osmium complexes, used for the first time in TH, showed considerably better activity and selectivity than the ruthenium ones. The reactions were carried out at temperatures as low as 35 °C at short reaction times, and a solvent screening demonstrated that anisole, which has a high sustainability score, is also the most efficient solvent for these reactions. Finally, renewable ethanol was employed as a sacrificial hydrogen source, circumventing the use of the usually high-carbon-footprint dihydrogen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".