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Geochemical Evaluation of Arsenic Content in Different Types of Soils in Kirkuk Governorate/Northern Iraq

2025· article· en· W4412857293 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Muatz Salah, Hassan Al-Jumaily, Torhan Al-Mufti

Bibliographic record

VenueIraqi National Journal of Earth Science (INJES) · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicGeochemistry and Geologic Mapping
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsArsenicSoil waterEnvironmental chemistryGeochemistryGeologySoil scienceChemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In this study, 32 soil samples were taken from a depth of (0-20) distributed over different areas (Kirkuk City, Riyadh City, Hawija City, and Al-Abbasi City). They were sent to Canada to conduct chemical analyzes in Acme Lab laboratories.) using an ICP-MS device. The research aims to study the geochemical distribution of arsenic in the soil of the study areas, as well as to study the relationships between arsenic and some major oxides, as well as the degree of acidity (pH) and organic matter (OM), by calculating the correlation coefficient and factor analysis. analysis). It was found that the arsenic element is associated with a positive significant relationship with magnesium oxide (MgO), a negative significant relationship with sodium oxide (Na2O) with a value of (-0.454), a positive significant relationship with potassium oxide with a value of (0.47), and a strong positive relationship with the element cobalt (Co) with a value of (0.454). 0.474). According to the results, the average concentration of arsenic in the soil of the study area (Kirkuk, Riyadh, Hawija, and Abbasid) in the fine clay part reached (9.23 ppm), which is higher than its concentration in the coarse parts represented by silt and sand, with a value amounting to (5.83 ppm and 5.72ppm) respectively. The highest concentration of arsenic as in the soil of (MK12), which represents the site of Hay Al-Nasr Hospital, was (8.2 ppm), which is higher than the concentration of the element according to the reference value. When comparing the concentration of arsenic in the soil of the study areas with the international standards (WHO, 2021) and (EPA, 2017), it was found that it was lower than in those areas.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.381
Threshold uncertainty score0.331

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.048
GPT teacher head0.295
Teacher spread0.247 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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