Cebuano-Visayan Interference and Word Articulation of English Phonology Learners
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Languages inherently vary in features, and individuals aspiring to learn a language beyond their mother tongue may experience linguistic interference. This study examines interference-related errors among foreign language learners of English in the Philippines. Thirty-seven purposively selected foreign language learners of English participated in this study by reading a set of English words categorized according to sound components. Data were analyzed using Corder’s Error analysis model. Most interference-related errors occur with vowel phonemes, as Cebuano-Visayan has only three vowel nuclei: /a/, /i/, /u/, while General American English has significantly more. Moreover, consonant interference-related errors are mostly caused by aspiration and phonemic non-existence. Also, misarticulation of consonant phonemes does not affect semantics, but it impacts clarity and overall fluency in communication. The study concludes that educators must understand phonological interference to design teaching strategies that help learners overcome language learning complexities caused by first-language habits.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".