Exercise-induced plasma-derived extracellular vesicles increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Aerobic exercise enhances cognition in part by increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and astrogliogenesis. Since hippocampal atrophy is a hallmark of several neurological and psychiatric conditions—including depression, PTSD, Alzheimer’s disease, and aging—understanding the mechanisms by which exercise increases neurogenesis has broad therapeutic relevance. One potential mechanism involves extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer-enclosed particles released by multiple tissues during exercise that transport bioactive molecular cargo to distant organs, including the brain. In this study, we tested whether plasma-derived EVs from exercising mice (ExerVs) are sufficient to promote hippocampal neurogenesis, astrogliogenesis, and vascular density in sedentary mice. EVs were isolated from the plasma of sedentary or exercising C57BL/6J mice and injected intraperitoneally into sedentary recipients twice weekly for four weeks. To evaluate reproducibility, the study was conducted across two independent cohorts using identical procedures. ExerV-treated mice showed a significant increase in BrdU-positive cells in the granule cell layer compared to both PBS- and SedV-treated controls in both cohorts. Approximately 90% of these cells co-expressed NeuN, indicating neuronal differentiation, while 6% co-expressed S100β, indicating astrocyte generation. No changes were observed in vascular density across groups. These findings provide initial evidence that systemically delivered exercise-derived EVs can enhance hippocampal neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis in sedentary mice. This proof-of-concept work supports further investigation into ExerVs as a potential therapeutic strategy for conditions associated with hippocampal atrophy. Highlights ExerVs increase hippocampal neurogenesis and astrogliogenesis in sedentary mice ExerVs do not affect hippocampal vascular area Circulating ExerVs are sufficient to recapitulate key brain benefits of exercise
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".