Detection of the Kauai Beacon signal on Ocean Networks Canada’s hydrophones in the NE Pacific
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a study of the Kauai Beacon signal as received by the hydrophones of Ocean Networks Canada’s (a University of Victoria Initiative) NorthEast Pacific Time-series Undersea Networked Experiments (NEPTUNE) observatory. Long range acoustic-propagation studies are used to produce basin-scale estimates of the variability of bulk ocean temperature and transmission loss. The Kauai Beacon source, located off of the north shore of the Hawaiian Island of Kauai, was designed to support such studies and has resumed its transmissions on a regular schedule since 2023. At a distance of approximately 4100 km from the Kauai Beacon and a depth close to the deep sound channel axis, the NEPTUNE stations around the Barkley Canyon have an unobstructed path to the source. Though Ocean Networks Canada has had a four-element volumetric array of Ocean Sonics icListen HF hydrophones at the “Barkley Node” site since 2021, a single low-frequency icListen AF hydrophone was deployed in the summer of 2024 at the “Barkley Upper Slope” site, specifically for the purpose of supporting the reception of the Kauai Beacon signal.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".