Deciphering the behavior and fate of microplastics in coastal aquatic environments: A comprehensive review illuminating coastal dynamics and driving mechanisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The coastal zone is a highly complex and dynamic interface connecting terrestrial, riverine, and marine ecosystems. Furthermore, the intricate interplay of physical, geochemical, biological, and hydrological processes in coastal aquatic environments adds to the complexity of the environmental behavior of microplastics (MPs). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the main features of coastal zones related to the behavior and fate of MPs at first. The recently reported MP fluxes from different watersheds to the coastal ocean are summarized, and the controversy in estimating riverine MP fluxes is discussed. It then summarizes the present knowledge of the environmental dynamics, eventual fate, interaction with other particles and organisms, and natural weathering of MPs in three types of highly distinctive coastal aquatic environments (coastal waters, estuarine waters, and coastal lagoons), along with their driving mechanisms. These findings are discussed by combining insights from the major coastal features related to hydrology, meteorology, topography, and geochemistry. The role of MP properties on the environmental behavior and fate of MPs is also addressed. Data-based analyses of changes in research trends, research types, and research perspectives were conducted to identify potential research gaps. Five existing knowledge gaps and future perspectives in terms of research subjects and research approaches are proposed to improve the evaluation of the coastal fate of MPs and develop potential mitigation strategies for MP pollution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".