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Record W4412882236 · doi:10.1180/mgm.2025.10109

Components, end-members and mineral species

2025· article· en· W4412882236 on OpenAlexaff
F. C. Hawthorne

Bibliographic record

VenueMineralogical Magazine · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMaterials Science
TopicX-ray Diffraction in Crystallography
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Manitoba
FundersUniversity of Cambridge
KeywordsMineralGeologyGeochemistryEnvironmental scienceChemistryBiologyEcology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract I consider the conditions for defining a mineral by its dominant end-member formula. One can calculate the end-member proportions of the end-members of a mineral provided that the end-members are linearly independent (i.e. they are phase components of the mineral); the result includes the dominant end-member of the mineral. If the end-members used in this calculation are not linearly independent, the corresponding set of simultaneous equations is indeterminate. One may remove an end-member from the system, removing the linear dependence; however, any end-member formula may be removed, leaving various sets of end-members that function as phase components. Each set of end-members produces a different solution for the end-member proportions. Each set of positive end-member proportions may (or may not) result in a different dominant end-member; however, within the compositional limits of the species, the same end-member is dominant over all others calculated with different combinations of component end-members. Problems previously encountered in attempting to calculate the dominant end-member formula were due to (1) using mineral formulae that do not accord with the requirements of stoichiometry, and (2) using end-members that are not components of the system. Where the set of end-members chosen to relate mineral composition to end-member proportions contains an end-member that is a linear combination of the other end-members, one must calculate the end-member proportions for all distinct subsets of linearly independent end-members. The dominant end-member over all sets of end-member proportions with all proportions positive is the dominant end-member. Thus for any mineral formula, the dominant end-member formula may be identified and serves to uniquely characterize and identify the mineral. The arguments used here are illustrated by reference to the minerals of the garnet supergroup.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.010
Threshold uncertainty score0.035

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.003
Scholarly communication0.0030.004
Open science0.0020.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0100.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.252
Teacher spread0.232 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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