Multiscale Borehole Seismic Imaging for Mineral Exploration in the Blötberget Mining Area (Central Sweden, Ludvika)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Borehole seismic investigations play a major role for high‐resolution imaging of geological structures at depth. The resulting borehole seismic data enable a direct characterisation of the target units as well as their physical properties along the well and in its direct vicinity. Analysing seismic data acquired at different scales within the borehole provides additional notable insights and allows an improved geological and petrophysical interpretation. In our work, we processed zero offset vertical seismic profiling data and full waveform sonic log data as part of a multiscale borehole seismic imaging workflow to better characterise a mineral exploration target at Ludvika Mines (Blötberget mining area, Central Sweden). Data processing mainly comprised wavefield separation and corridor stacking, followed by migration of the full waveform sonic log data using a diffraction stack approach. Additional borehole data, that is, impedance logs and a lithological borehole profile, were used for the integrated interpretation to provide the basis for an assignment of the reflectors to a specific lithological unit. Besides the existing structural models derived from surface seismic investigations, the new images from borehole seismic data reveal the internal structure of the mineralisation at a significantly higher resolution, complement the geophysical characterisation and can be used for a subsequent reliable mineral resource estimate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".