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Record W4412887599 · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnaf027

Innovative Molecules and Delivery Technologies Enabling the Future of GLP-1-based Therapies

2025· article· en· W4412887599 on OpenAlex
Yining Xu, Daniel J. Drucker, Giovanni Traverso, Ana Beloqui

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueEndocrine Reviews · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPancreatic function and diabetes
Canadian institutionsLunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute
FundersEuropean Research CouncilDepartment of Science and Technology of Sichuan ProvinceNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyBrigham and Women's HospitalFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesAdvanced Research Projects Agency for Health
KeywordsMedicineDrug deliveryPharmacologyBioinformaticsNanotechnologyBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The multiple physiological effects of gut hormones in different metabolic tissues make them attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Currently, only glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-based agonists and oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are available on the market. Despite their positive clinical outcomes across a range of indications, these treatments present several clinical challenges, including high costs, the need for peptide injections, and requirements for repeated administration. These limitations have driven research into improved GLP-1-based therapies, such as oral small-molecule agonists and novel drug delivery strategies based on emerging GLP-1 medicines. This article describes the challenges in clinical application and development of GLP-1-based pharmacotherapies. We review the development of oral small-molecule agonists and various drug delivery technologies, including ultralong-acting injectable technologies, continuous-acting implantable pumps, smart-acting electronic devices, nutrient-induced cell therapies, and noninvasive delivery systems. We discuss the current state of research, challenges to overcome, and opportunities to improve patient compliance and clinical outcomes. Additionally, we explore how endocrinological effects and patient-oriented needs can guide the development of advanced GLP-1 medicines.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.939
Threshold uncertainty score0.230

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.291
Teacher spread0.272 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it