Bibliographic record
Abstract
Poet and provocateur William Chapman (1850–1917) wrote patriotic verse recounting the history of New France, envisioning a glorious future for its descendants. Despite his many literary achievements – he was a two-time laureate of the Académie française and a nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature – Chapman is more often remembered for his explosive feud with Louis Fréchette, a rivalry that pitted the two national poets against one another and played out in vicious invective across the pages of Quebec newspapers. Chapman’s lifelong quest to glorify French Canada and accumulate literary prestige in North America and Europe positioned him squarely between the new country and the old world. Over the course of his forty-year career, Chapman published five collections of poetry – Les Québecquoises (1876), Les Feuilles d’érable (1890), Les Aspirations (1904), Les Rayons du Nord (1909), and Les Fleurs de givre (1912) – whose very titles underscore his devotion to French-Canadian identity, as well as his literary ambition. Integrating close readings of Chapman’s verse with archival material related to his writing life, Erin Edgington revisits his full oeuvre on its own terms and in context, discerning the particular ways Chapman expressed the ideas of literary value and national literature that motivated him from a young age, from juvenilia like Les Mines d’or de la Beauce (1881) to his polemical essays and his unfinished magnum opus, L’Épopée canadienne . Between the New Country and the Old World challenges the prevailing narrative that has labelled Chapman a second-rate, forgettable poet, showing how his life and work reveal important insights into literary fame, poetics in a transitional moment at the turn of the century, and the history of French literature in North America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".