Taxonomic and Biological Remarks on Thyasira gouldii (Philippi, 1845) in Eastern Canada and Reinstatement of the Species Thyasira plana (Verrill and Bush, 1898)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Thyasiridae are small bivalves commonly found in organically enriched sediments in cold marine waters. Within this family, some species form nutritional symbioses with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Thyasirid species identification is mainly based upon shell characters that are often considered to display broad intra-specific variation. Recent work that examined multiple characters, including gene sequences and symbiont presence, has revealed a complex of closely related taxa resembling Thyasira gouldii (Philippi, 1845), a species with a presumed pan-arctic distribution, including off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. We investigated the anatomical, genetic, and symbiotic characters of thyasirids resembling T. gouldii from Bonne Bay, Newfoundland as well as Saglek Bank and Frobisher Bay, Nunavut in the Canadian Arctic, and are here designating asymbiotic members as belonging to Thyasira plana (Verrill and Bush, 1898), a species previously synonymized with T. gouldii. Other symbiotic specimens are designated T. gouldii based on comparisons (soft anatomy, shell features) with specimens from the type locality. We note overlap in shell shape between T. plana and T. gouldii. Across our sample set, T. gouldii can attain a larger size and is genetically distinct from the asymbiotic T. plana. Both T. gouldii and T. plana appear to reach larger shell sizes and have larger prodissoconchs at higher latitudes. Our findings suggest that T. gouldii, as currently defined, represents a complex of multiple species. Properly defining this common species across its purported geographic range will require further examination of presumed T. gouldii specimens, especially using genetic approaches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".