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Record W4412927428 · doi:10.18280/ijsse.150603

New Approach to Image Encryption Based on Large Invertible Pseudo-Random Matrices

2025· article· en· W4412927428 on OpenAlex
Hicham Rrghout, Mourad Kattass, Younes Qobbi, Naima Benazzi, Abdellatif Jarjar, Abdelhamid Benazzi

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Safety and Security Engineering · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicChaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsInvertible matrixEncryptionImage (mathematics)Computer scienceMathematicsTheoretical computer scienceArtificial intelligenceComputer securityPure mathematics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In the digital age, where secure image transmission is essential, we present an improved image encryption scheme based on large scalable Hill matrices defined over the Z/256Z ring.The encryption matrix is constructed by multiplying two triangular matrices generated from chaotic maps, providing a high degree of randomness and unpredictability.Each block incorporates arbitrary square submatrices, enhancing the structural complexity of the encryption.Experiments conducted on a diverse set of images validate the robustness of our approach: the correlation between the clear and encrypted images is close to zero, the entropy reaches 7.99 bits per pixel, and the performance achieves an NPCR of 99.64%, a UACI of 33.45%, and an avalanche effect of 50.33%.These results significantly outperform those of traditional variants of the Hill cipher, highlighting the effectiveness of the combination of evolving matrices and chaotic sequences for reliable and efficient image encryption.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.842
Threshold uncertainty score0.517

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.229
Teacher spread0.224 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it