Resistant Hilar Stricture Following Transarterial Bleomycin-Lipiodol Embolization for a Large Hepatic Hemangioma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Symptomatic hepatic hemangiomas are commonly treated by transcatheter arterial embolization as an alternative to surgical resection. Bile duct complications are rare. An 80-year-old woman had a progressive refractory stricture postbleomycin transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed that the hemangioma reduced in size, but there was a new 2 cm hilar stricture on cholangiopancreatography. Digital cholangioscopy and biopsy showed benign changes. Despite repeat dilations and stent treatments, she had persistent stricture and recurrent cholangitis. The stricture was not operable. The stricture was likely from angiosclerotic effects of bleomycin. The bile duct is prone to ischemic injury as it lacks dual blood supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".